Space telegraphy.



S. GABOT. snor mmm. APPLIOATIOI FILED API. 4, 1903.

Patented septh 22,19%

UNITED STATES.-

PATENT OFFICE.

.Sl-:WALL CABUT, OF BRUUKLlNl-I, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNUR TU STONE 'll-)LBGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, Ol" BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

einer: ramenant.

Specification ol- Letten Patent.

Patented Sept. 22, 1908.

Application flied April 4. 1908. Serial No. 809,85.

Tn nllii-fhom 'iLmay concern.'

Be it known that l, SEwALL (,ABoT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Brookline, in the county of Norfolk and Stute of .\lzi.'s.-ncltusett.s, have invented a new und useful Improvement in Space. Tefcg rnphy, of which the following is a specification.

.\l,\ invention relates to the art of space tclegraplrv iu which signals are transmitted by moons of electromagnetic waves without the use of wires to guide the wavesto their destination; and it relates more particularly to an apparatus for receiving the Venergy of such waves.

To receive the energv of electrolmgnctic signal waves and to iroducc the indication of intelligible signals, l emplo)Y a dynamo electric machine havin an armature Winding and a. magnetic-fiel producing means, and the electrical oscillations to be detected ar'e conveyed through n coil associated With a portion of the 4magnetic circuit of said dynamo electric machine, whichc-oil may constitute n lportion. of thcarmature winding, thereby to produce a variation in the permeability of that portionI of said lmagnetic Icircuitwith which seid coil i associated. B the aforesaidvariationin permeability, t ereis produced a corresponding variation in the magnetic flux flowing injsaid portion ofsaid magnetic. circuit and threading the armature winding or :i portion thereof. The variation in the flux dene-ity embracing said armature winding or a portionf of said winding produces a corresponding variation ,in the eurrente flowing in said armature Vwindingv and' in the external circuit ofthe. dynamo, in which circuit a. translating device is included, and by the relative motion between the armature winding and the lield'- produc-.ill I means of the dynamo, said current variatidrt ure greatly amplified, means being provided for so relating said armature'w'inding' and said iieldproducing means that the energy of motion .of saida'rmature winding is converted into electrical energy.

Myv invention may best be understood by having lreference to 'thedrawin which accompan and'form-a part of t specification an which illustrate diagrammatically one of the embodiments thereof.

ln the drawines- Figure l represents in dia gram one embodiment of my invention associated lwith a space telegrapn receiving sys-- l tem.

Fig. 2 represents a sectional view of the armature Fig. 3 represents a modifichtion of the signal-indicating device employed in connection with the oscillation detector. Fig. 4 represents another m .)diication of the signal-indicating device.

In Fig. 1, 3 represents` the armature of l dynamo electric machine of which the coils 9, 9' surrounding the ends of the magnets 8, 8' are the field windings. As shownin Fig. 2, the armature com )rises a core 4 consist' preferably of a plurality of hard iron or stee wires of small diameter around which isspirale'd an insulated copper wire. 5, forming 'a closed electric circuit, and a portion o f the insulation 6 of :said wire 5 is removed from the closed circuit armature winding throughout its entire extent in a direction substantially at ri ht angles to the spirals', as s town at 7. The o oscd circuit armature windin and its core are mounted between two pul cys' 2, 2', one of which is driven lby any suitable prime mover l which pulley 2 by a as shown is connected to the belt 1. Two pairs of brushes 10, 10' and 1 1, 1l make electrical contact with the armature winding 5 through the groove 7 in the insulation't-hercof and are connected inseries 'with the field windings 9, 9.' and a rsuitablel -circuit of the. dynamo a R b and through the fieldi coils 9, 9 by means of thc brushes 10, 110', 1 1 11', and that said current so flowing througi said coils will. cause thc ields to build up and thcreb) greatly increase the current in said external circuit. ln order to prevent thel aforesaid buildin u i effect and the resultin encrgization o tie relay or translating 4evice R when waves are not being received, a condenser C may be, connected in series with' the dynamo brushes, the field coils and the devicer. t

It will of course be understood that the windings 9, 9 are so constructed that the flux produced byelectric. currents circulating therein will be in the sam llux produced by the permanent magnets S, S', respectively, with which said wiiidiii fs are associated, he brushes 10', l l, shooh preferabl)- be' placed approximately midway between-the poles of'the. magnets S- 8, i'especf preferably are so located that the portion of.'

the armature winding included between them is approximately e uidistaiit from the adjacent poles, herein s iowii" as the N poles. of the magnets t, S' so that thereby the. core 4 surrounded by said portion of the armature winding will always be extremely sensitive to changes in its permeal'iility when electric-al oscillations are conveyed through the coil surrounding Yfhen electrical oscillations lare' 'conveyed' through that portion of the. armature winding included between the brushes 12, 12', the resulting variation iii pcriiieability of that portion of the core surrounded by the aforesaid portion of sii-id winding pro duces a corresponding variation in the niagnetic. fluer "hereof, thereby producing current variations in the armature winding and in the field magnets of the dynamo. Enc-li of said current "ii-riations momentarily iiicreases the strength of t-lie dynamo field and, by the relat-ive'motion between the armature ,winding and the lieldproducing means of the dynamofthe. current variations are 'greatly amplified, the brushes 1f), l0 11 11 so connecting 'or relating the armature winding and coils 9, 9 that the energy of motion ol vthe said armature winding is converted into electrical energy. The great-er the s eed with which the ariiiiiturc winding trave. s through the, dynamo fichi, the greater will be the aforesaid amplification of the impulses or variations of currentV produced in said aiiiiature winding when electrical oscillations are con- -Yeyed thereto by the brushes lll, 12'..

Any lsuitable relay or translating device may oe included=betwee1i the point-s :iu-nil b in the external circuit ofthe dynamo.' As shown. iii Fig. 1, a polarized 4relay Jl is coniiected i'u said external circuit :u nl'the arma.-

.ture 13 thereof iiiav be biased against the Contact 13 so thaty the. current. of

the bat-t cry -B will normally energize thc'rehr S,

shown in Fig. 3 u telephone "l` may be connected between the points u, I, and the circuit of' a relay or sounder lt includingl the,

be nitide and broken by which contact with said armaturee direction'us the l i i l the circuit., and means so relating the teld-pro I SI" 'cont-acil5 on the diaphragm 14 of said telephone a'iid tlie contact I6 of said circuit.

.-ls shown in Fig. 4 a. series of telephonie amplifying devices may be arranged to beo ierat'ed b v 'the telephone T, and in this case I0 tllie batteries of the successive circuits ma lie ol irogiessivelyincreasing strength.

-l tlhe eiieigization of the telephone T by the current in the externalcircuit of t-lie d 'amo varies the current of the battery im A thereby causes the vibration of the, dil-fphriigiii 14 ofthe telephone T. The. vibration of the diaphragm 14', by means of the contacts 1'5", 16. variestlie flow of current'. from the battery B" .through the telephone T", and such variation of current causes the vibration of the diaphragm 14". By the vibration ol' said diaphragm 14 very large current variations from the battery B ma be createdin the 'circuit of the device which may be a. relay, and said device R inav bev so construct-ed that its unnatural? will ieiiiain on its back cont-act so long,r as the dia iliragiu 14 is vibrating.

Vhile any suitable means may be ein 90 ployed for deli vering electrical oscillations to the brushes l2, 12, l )refer as indicated in Fig` 1 to connect said )rushes in series with a. resonant receiving circuit U M' L, attuned to the frequency oi'j the waves to be received, 95 and between said circuit and the elevated receiving conductor system V, E, I ma interpose the resonant'weeding-out circuit C' M M! in which caso the transfonne'rs M M' prefeably: have their windings. so s atially rel do not wish to be limitod to the exact aimera-tus or arrangement. ,of circuitsherem disclosed inasmuch as many modifications' may be, made. bothfin the ap aratus and in the. circuit arrangements wit from the spirit. of my invention.

I claim,

l, In a detect-oi' a closed electrical circuit, means for produc-- uiuc a iii-agnctic tield, means f oi' produc re ativo motion between said field and sai circuit, menns'for varying the. magnetic flux. t-l'ueadiug said circuit. by the electrical oscillations to be detected, and means relat-iii .thc held-producing means and te close circuit :is to conv-crt the energ of motion 0f said circuit into electiical ener 2. ln a. detector for electricl oscillations, n closed electiic circuit, means for' producing',

for electrical oscillations,

a magnetic. tield, means for moving said circuit through said field, means for varying the magnetic llux threading said circuit by the electrical oscillations to be detected whereby current variations are produced in said closed ducing means and ,tho closed circuit as to convert, the cnerg)` of motion of said circuit into electrical energy.

3. In n detector for electricul oscillations, un endless core ol' magneticmnterinl, :i closed electric circuit formed of u4 conductor spi- `'tiled around snid core. neu7 s for producinga magnetic tehl lhrendmg n portion of snid hiked electric circuit, means for moving` said core und suid eircuitthrough said magnetic tield, und means for passing the olectricnl oseillftionsto he detected through a portion -of snif? 'closed electric. circuiti.

M. In :l detector for electrical oscillations, an endless coro of magnetic. material, ai closed electric circuit formed of nf conductor Aspirnled around sn'id core, menus for producing al imiguetic. ield threadingr a iortion of suid closed elect ric. circuit, means ior moving suid core und' circuit through said nmgnotic ield, menns for passing thc electrical oscillations to be detected through n port-ion of -snid closed circuit ui'xdvmcnns oh-.ect-ricallly connect.- ing n portion of scid closed circuit with the lieldiroducing means.'

5. n n detector for electrical oscillations, u solenoid consisting of an endless core of nmgnetic nmteriatl und :i closed electric circuit `forr-icd of insulated wire spiralcd around said core und having a port-ion of its' insulti.-

tion removed throughout it-s entire extent in n dilection substantially ut right angles to the pitch of its spirals.

6. A detector for -electrcnl oscillations comprising a dynamo electlic machine unda currentumplif \jing device operutivelr associnted therewith, said dcvicc comprising n series of telephone receivers` one of which is operatively nssociztted with said detect-0|', and the rest of which :are :adopted to lle operated ouch h v the diaphragm of th;l receiver -prcceding it, :md u source of electromotivo orce associated -with euch telephone receiver,

said sources h-f'ng of prtgressivelY increasing,r 

